Uses
Phenytoin injection is used to treat primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as a grand mal seizure; seizure that involves the entire body) and to treat and prevent seizures that may begin during or after surgery to the brain or nervous system. Phenytoin injection may also be used to control certain types of seizures in people who cannot take oral phenytoin. Phenytoin injection is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Side Effects Of Phenytoin Injection
Phenytoin may cause an increase in your blood sugar. Talk to your doctor about the symptoms of high blood sugar and what to do if you experience these symptoms.
Phenytoin injection may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- uncontrollable eye movements
- abnormal body movements
- loss of coordination
- confusion
- slurred speech
- headache
- changes in your sense of taste
- constipation
- unwanted hair growth
- coarsening of facial features
- enlargement of lips
- overgrowth of gums
- pain or curving of the penis
Some side effects of phenytoin injection can be serious. If you experience any of the following symptoms or those listed in the WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS section, call your doctor immediately:
- swelling, discoloration, or pain at the injection site
- rash
- hives
- itching
- swelling of the eyes, face, throat, tongue, arms, hands, ankles, or lower legs
- difficulty breathing or swallowing
- hoarseness
- swollen glands
- nausea
- vomiting
- yellowing of the skin or eyes
- pain in the upper right part of the stomach
- excessive tiredness
- unusual bruising or bleeding
- small red or purple spots on the skin
- loss of appetite
- flu-like symptoms
- fever, sore throat, rash, mouth ulcers, or easy bruising, or facial swelling
Phenytoin injection may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while you are taking this medication.
Warnings & Precautions
Before receiving phenytoin injection:
- tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to phenytoin, other hydantoin medications such as ethotoin (Peganone) or fosphenytoin (Cerebyx), any other medications, or any of the ingredients in phenytoin injection. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients.
- tell your doctor if you are taking delavirdine (Rescriptor). Your doctor will probably not want you to receive phenytoin injection if you are taking this medication.
- tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take with phenytoin injection. Your doctor may need to change the doses or monitor you more carefully for side effects.
- tell your doctor what herbal products you are taking, especially St. John’s wort.
- tell your doctor if you have ever developed a liver problem while taking phenytoin injection. Your doctor will probably not want you to receive phenytoin injection.
- tell your doctor if you drink or have ever drunk large amounts of alcohol. Tell your doctor if you have had laboratory testing that reported you to have an inherited risk factor that makes it more likely that you could have a serious skin reaction to phenytoin. Also, tell your doctor if you have or have ever had diabetes, porphyria (a condition in which certain natural substances build up in the body and may cause stomach pain, changes in thinking or behavior, or other symptoms), low levels of albumin in your blood, or kidney or liver disease.
- tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. You should not become pregnant while you are receiving phenytoin injection. Talk to your doctor about effective birth control methods that you can use during your treatment. If you become pregnant while receiving phenytoin, call your doctor. Phenytoin may harm the fetus.
- if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are receiving phenytoin injection.
- you should know that this medication may cause dizziness, drowsiness, and problems with coordination. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
- talk to your doctor about the safe use of alcohol while you are taking this medication.
- talk to your doctor about the best way to care for your teeth, gums, and mouth during your treatment with phenytoin. It is very important that you care for your mouth properly to decrease the risk of gum damage caused by phenytoin.
Dosage Of Phenytoin Injection
Phenytoin injection comes as a solution (liquid) to be slowly injected intravenously (into a vein) by a doctor or nurse in a medical facility. It is usually injected once every 6 or 8 hours.
Ask your pharmacist or doctor for a copy of the manufacturer’s information for the patient.
Other
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor may order certain lab tests to check your response to phenytoin injection.
Before having any laboratory test, tell your doctor and the laboratory personnel that you are receiving phenytoin injection.
It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.
Source
All information on phenytoin injection has been provided courtesy of MedLinePlus from the National Library of Medicine and from the FDA.
