Overview Of Jaundice
Jaundice is a yellow color of the skin, mucus membranes, or eyes. The yellow coloring comes from bilirubin, a byproduct of old red blood cells. Jaundice can be a symptom of several health problems.
Causes Of Jaundice
A small number of red blood cells in your body die each day and are replaced by new ones. The liver removes the old blood cells. This creates bilirubin. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed by the body through the stool.
Jaundice can occur when too much bilirubin builds up in the body.
This condition can occur if:
- Too many red blood cells are dying or breaking down and going to the liver.
- The liver is overloaded or damaged.
- The bilirubin from the liver is unable to properly move into the digestive tract.
- Jaundice is often a sign of a problem with the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas.
Things that can cause jaundice to include:
- Infections, most commonly viral
- Use of certain drugs
- Cancer of the liver, bile ducts, or pancreas
- Blood disorders, gallstones, birth defects, and a number of other medical conditions
Symptoms
Jaundice may appear suddenly or develop slowly over time.
Symptoms of jaundice commonly include:
- Yellow skin and the white part of the eyes (sclera) — when jaundice is more severe, these areas may look brown
- Yellow color inside the mouth
- Dark or brown-colored urine
- Pale or clay-colored stools
- Itching (pruritis) usually occurs with jaundice
- Note: If your skin is yellow and the whites of your eyes are not yellow, you may not have jaundice. Your skin can turn a yellow-to-orange color if you eat a lot of beta carotene, the orange pigment in carrots.
Other symptoms depend on the underlying causes:
- Cancers may produce no symptoms, or there may be fatigue, weight loss, or other symptoms.
- Hepatitis may produce nausea, vomiting, fatigue, or other symptoms.
Exams & Tests
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may show liver swelling.
A bilirubin blood test will be done. Other tests may include:
- Hepatitis virus panel to look for infection of the liver
- Liver function tests to determine how well the liver is working
- Complete blood count to check for low blood count or anemia
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Abdominal CT scan
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTCA)
- Liver biopsy
- Cholesterol level
- Prothrombin time
Treatment Of Jaundice
Treatment depends on the cause of the condition.
