Overview
An ankle sprain is a common injury that occurs when the ligaments supporting the ankle stretch or tear due to sudden twisting, rolling, or turning of the foot. Most sprains affect the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle. These injuries can range from mild stretching to complete ligament tears, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty bearing weight.
Commonly Associated With
- Sports and physical activities (e.g., basketball, soccer, running)
- Uneven surfaces or accidental missteps
- Wearing high-heeled or unstable footwear
- Previous ankle sprains, which increase susceptibility
- Poor balance or weak ankle muscles
Causes
An ankle sprain typically occurs when the foot is forced into an abnormal position, stretching or tearing the ligaments. This can happen through:
- Sudden twisting or rolling of the ankle inward (inversion sprain – most common)
- Turning the ankle outward (eversion sprain – less common)
- Landing awkwardly from a jump
- Stepping on an uneven surface
- Immediate pain and tenderness around the ankle
Symptoms Of Ankle Sprain
- Swelling and possible bruising
- Reduced range of motion and stiffness
- Instability or a feeling of “giving way”
- Difficulty walking or bearing weight
- A popping sensation at the time of injury (in severe cases)
Exams & Tests
- Physical examination: Doctor checks for swelling, tenderness, and ligament stability.
- X-ray: To rule out fractures if severe pain or inability to walk is present.
- MRI or ultrasound: Used in severe cases to evaluate ligament tears or soft tissue damage.
Treatment Of Ankle Sprain
Treatment depends on severity but often includes the R.I.C.E. protocol:
- Rest: Avoid weight-bearing activities.
- Ice: Apply ice packs 15–20 minutes every few hours to reduce swelling.
- Compression: Use an elastic bandage to support and limit swelling.
- Elevation: Keep the ankle raised above heart level.
Additional treatment options:
- Medications: NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) for pain and inflammation.
- Bracing or splinting: To stabilize the joint during healing.
- Physical therapy: Strengthening and balance exercises to restore function.
- Surgery: Rarely needed, only in severe ligament tears or chronic instability.
Source
- American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS)
- Mayo Clinic – “Ankle Sprain”
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
